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1. B. SCHERMERHURN.

Churn.

Patented June. 5, 1844.

UNTTED STATES PATENT` OFFICE.Y

JASON B. SGHERMERI-IORN, OF DEERFIELD, NEW YORK.

CHURN.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 3,616, dated June 5, 1844.

To all whom t may concern Be it known that I, JASON B. SCHERMER- HORN, of Deerfield, in the county of Oneida and State -of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in the Construction of Dairy-Churns; and I do hereby declare that the following is a'full and exact description thereof, reference being had to the drawing hereunto annexed.

My churn, as I generally construct it, consists of a square, or nearly square wooden box, of a depth from one quarter to one half greater than the width thereof, the bottom being grooved in, or iitted in some other manner so as to be waiter-tight. This box forms the body of the churn, or vessel in which the churning is to be performed,

and its size should be proportioned according to the quant-ity it is desired to churn at one time. Upon each of two opposite sides of the box, rises a standard (s, 8,) above the top of the box to a height about equal to the depth of the box. These standards may be formed of the saine pieces with the sides of the box by which they are respectively supported, or they may be formed of separate pieces, and attached by screws or otherwise. The standards form the supports'of a horizontal two-cranked shaft, (t, which works the vtwo pliingers j), 22,). The two plungei's are forni-ed somewhat in the fashion of a hay or garden rake, with the shaft or handle (7a, /i-,) vertical and the head downward, within the box, the upper ends of the handles being attached to the two cranks of the shaft t, t, for which purpose the end of the handle may be forked to receive the crank, which may be secured by `a pin or otherwise, so as to be readily unshipped when it is desired to withdraw the pliingers from the churn. rIllie head piece of the plunger is attached to the lower end of the shaft 7L, at right angles with said shaft, and also with the vertical plane in which the axis of the crank shaft t, is situated, and of a length a very little less than the internal width of the box, so as to move freely up and down therein. The teeth of the plunger pass through the head `piece horizontally, and at right angles therewith, projecting on both sides of the head-piece, biit unequally; the projection on the side next the center of the churn being twice orl thrice as great as on the other side. The length of the pieces formingthe teeth should be equal to about two thirds of the width of the box, and so arranged as to distance and position in the two head pieces, that the teeth in the one may pass between those in the other without conflicting, as the plungers pass by one another in working up and down, the one ascending while the dther is descending. The tooth pieces mav be one inch wide horizontally, by halfan inch vertically, or of different size and shape, according to the size of the churn and as found best to answer the purpose Athey are designed for. The crank may be formed by bending a round iron rod, from one half to tlve-eighths of an inch in diameter into the forni of a double crank somewhat like a falling mill crank, as shown at zt., t, in the drawing, so as to communicate oppositely reciprocating motions to the two plungers ya, 7J, when the shaft is turned on its axis by the hand winch w, or by other means. l

The top of the box, or churn bodv, is covered by a movable lid (Z, Z,) having two oblong openings (o, 0,) through which the shafts or rods, (it, in) of the plungers work. The length of stroke made by the plunger. will, of course, be equal to the diameter of the circle swept by the crank by which the plunger is moved, and should be equal to, from one half to two thirds of the depth of the churn.

It will readily be seen from the above description, that, as the crank shaft zt, t, is turned an its axis by the winch zo or by any other means, the oppositely reciprocating motions of the two pluiigers, 79, 72, with their teeth interraking or passing' between one another will produce a violent commotion in the cream or liiiid contents of the box, and it is found by trial that this churn perfoinis the operation for which it was designed, with a degree of ease and expedition which, it is believed, have rarely if ever been equaled by any churn of a different construction.

I do not claim t-he general plan and principle of constructing cliuriis with pluiigers, worked either by hand, or by crank motion, but

What I do claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

-The mode of constructing dairy churns, with two rake-formed plungers with teeth interraking, and with oppositely reciprocating motions communicated to them by a cranked shaft, as herein, substantially described and set forth.

JASON B. SOHERMERHORN. `'Witnessesz S. WHIPPLE,

,Wi/L B. SCHERMERHORN. 

